Battle of Brandywine in the American Revolution

Skirmish of Brandywine in the American Revolution The Battle of Brandywine was battled September 11, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Perhaps the biggest clash of the contention, Brandywine saw General George Washingtonâ attempt to shield the American capital at Philadelphia. The battle started when British powers, drove by General Sir William Howeâ departed New York City and cruised up the Chesapeake Bay. Arriving in northern Maryland, the British propelled upper east towards Washingtons armed force. Conflicting along the Brandywine River, Howe endeavored to flank the American position. The subsequent battle was one of the longest one-day clashes of the war and saw the British power Washingtons men to withdraw. In spite of the fact that beaten, the American armed force stayed prepared for another battle. In the days after Brandywine, the two armed forces directed a battle of move which brought about Howe taking Philadelphia.â â â â Foundation In the late spring of 1777, with Major General John Burgoynes armed force propelling south from Canada, the general administrator of British powers, Howe, arranged his own battle for catching the American capital at Philadelphia. Leaving a little power under Major General Henry Clinton at New York, he left 13,000 men on transports and cruised south. Entering the Chesapeake, the armada voyaged north and the military arrived at Head of Elk, MD on August 25, 1777. Because of the shallow and sloppy conditions there, delays resulted as Howe attempted to land his men and supplies. Having walked south from positions around New York, American powers under General George Washington thought west of Philadelphia fully expecting Howes advance. Sending forward skirmishers, the Americans faced minor a conflict with Howes segment at Elkton, MD. On September 3, battling proceeded with a clash at Coochs Bridge, DE. In the wake of this commitment, Washington moved from a protective line behind Red Clay Creek, DE north to another line behind the Brandywine River in Pennsylvania. Showing up on September 9, he sent his men to cover the waterway intersections. Armed forces Commanders: Americans General George Washington14,600 men​ English General Sir William Howe15,500 men The American Position Found around most of the way to Philadelphia, the focal point of the American line was at Chadds Ford, on the back of the primary street into the city. Here Washington set soldiers under Major General Nathanael Greene and Brigadier General Anthony Wayne. To one side, covering Pyles Ford, were around 1,000 Pennsylvania volunteer army drove by Major General John Armstrong. To their right side, Major General John Sullivans division involved the high ground along the stream and Brintons Ford with Major General Adam Stephens men toward the north. Past Stephens division, was that of Major General Lord Stirling which held Painters Ford. On the furthest right of the American line, disconnected from Stirling, was a unit under Colonel Moses Hazen which had been appointed to watch Wistars and Buffingtons Fords. Having shaped his military, Washington was sure that he had banned the best approach to Philadelphia. Showing up at Kennett Square toward the southwest, Howe focused his military and evaluated the American position. As opposed to endeavor an immediate assault against Washingtons lines, Howe chose for utilize a similar arrangement that had accomplished triumph the prior year at Long Island (Map). Howes Plan This involved sending a power to fix Washington set up while walking with the heft of the military around the American flank. As needs be, on September 11 Howe requested Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen to progress to Chadds Ford with 5,000 men, while he and Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis moved north with the rest of the military. Moving out around 5:00 AM, Cornwallis section crossed the West Branch of the Brandywine at Trimbles Ford, at that point turned east and crossed the East Branch at Jeffries Ford. Turning south, they progressed to high ground on Osbornes Hill and were in position to strike the American back. Opening Shots Moving out around 5:30 AM, Knyphausens men moved along the street towards Chadds Ford and pushed back American skirmishers drove by Brigadier General William Maxwell. The principal shots of the fight were discharged at Welchs Tavern around four miles west of Chadds Ford. Pushing ahead, the Hessians connected with a bigger Continental power at Old Kennett Meetinghouse around early in the day.  At long last showing up on the contrary bank from the American position, Knyphausens men started an erratic cannons siege. As the day progressed, Washington got different reports that Howe was endeavoring a flanking walk. While this prompted the American officer considering a strike on Knyphausen, he disputed when he got one report that persuaded him the prior ones were wrong. Around 2:00 PM, Howes men were spotted as they showed up on Osbornes Hill. Flanked (Again) In a fortunate turn of events for Washington, Howe ended on the slope and rested for around two hours. This break permitted Sullivan, Stephen, and Stirling to hurriedly shape another line confronting the danger. This new line was under the oversight of Sullivan and order of his division reverted to Brigadier General Preudhomme de Borre. As the circumstance at Chadds Ford seemed stable, Washington educated Greene to be prepared to walk north at a minutes notice. Around 4:00 PM, Howe started his assault on the new American line. Flooding forward, the assault immediately broke one of Sullivans detachments making it escape. This was because of it being out of position because of a progression of strange requests gave by de Borre. Left with minimal decision, Washington called Greene. For around an hour and a half overwhelming battling twirled around the Birmingham Meeting House and what is currently known as Battle Hill with the British gradually pushing the Americans back.â Washington Retreats Walking a noteworthy four miles in forty-five minutes, Greenes troops joined the conflict around 6:00 PM. Upheld by the remainders of Sullivans line and Colonel Henry Knoxs mounted guns, Washington and Greene eased back the British development and permitted the remainder of the military to withdraw. By around 6:45 PM, the battling calmed and Brigadier General George Weedons unit was entrusted with covering the American retreat from the zone. Hearing the battling, Knyphausen started his own ambush at Chadds Ford with gunnery and sections assaulting over the stream. Experiencing Waynes Pennsylvanians and Maxwells light infantry, he had the option to gradually push the dwarfed Americans back. Stopping at each stone divider and fence, Waynes men gradually drained the propelling foe and had the option to cover the retreat of Armstrongs volunteer army which had not been occupied with the battling. Proceeding to fall back along the way to Chester, Wayne dexterously took care of his men until the battling diminished around 7:00 PM. Consequence The Battle of Brandywine cost Washington around 1,000 slaughtered, injured, and caught just as the greater part of his gunnery, while British misfortunes were 93 executed, 488 injured, and 6 missing. Among the American injured was the recently shown up Marquis de Lafayette. Withdrawing from Brandywine, Washingtons armed force depended on Chester feeling that it had just lost a fight and wanting another battle. Despite the fact that Howe had won a triumph, he neglected to obliterate Washingtons armed force or quickly abuse his prosperity. Throughout the following barely any weeks, the two militaries occupied with a battle of move that saw the armed forces endeavor to battle on September 16 close Malvern and Wayne vanquished at Paoli on September 20/21. After five days, Howe at long last out-moved Washington and walked into Philadelphia unopposed. The two armed forces next met at the Battle of Germantown on October 4.

Red Badge Of Courage Essay -- essays research papers

     The Red Badge of Courage by Stephan Crane follows the impacts of war on a Union Officer, Henry Fleming, from his fantasies about soldiering, to his real selection, and through a few clashes of the Civil War. Henry Fleming was not content with his exhausting life on the homestead. He needed to turn into a saint in war and be adulated and respected for his radiant accomplishments in fight. He realized his mom might not want to see him do battle, however it was his choice to make. He longed for the energizing skirmishes of war and the adventure of walking. He would not like to remain on the ranch carrying on with his benevolent life making adjusts and finishing errands. He settled on an official choice to enroll. Once enrolled however, Henry learns the certainties of war: its horrid, tiring, grisly, and all things considered, exhausting. He discovers he goes through the greater part of his days with just nothing to do. He figures out how to befriend two different officers, John Wilson and Jim Conklin. John Wilson is a warrior who projects a proud, and down to business demeanor, however he rapidly tumbles to turn into a warrior of sympathy in the wake of understanding his own mortality in fight. Wilson was as amped up for doing battle as Henry, while Jim, the â€Å"Tall Soldier,† was certain about the achievement of the new regiment. Jim, depicts the tall, sure, veteran warrior, experienced and shows no dread. The demise of Jim prompts the ruin of Wilson, having seen that such an insightful officer can be murdered, at that point surely a similar destiny anticipated every single other.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â      After a couple of days in the regiment, Henry began to understand, that their regiment was simply meandering carelessly, going around and around, similar to a huge blue showing. They continued walking on without reason, bearing, and without battling. Through time Henry began to consider the fights in an alternate manner, an all the more close and experienced way, he began to become apprehensive that he might run from fight when obligation calls. He felt like a worker doing whatever his bosses told him. At the point when the regiment at long last finds a fight occurring, Jim gives Henry a little parcel in a yellow envelope, disclosing to Henry that this will be his first and last fight. The regiment figured out how to hold off the revolutionaries for the main charge, however at that point... ...ens pretty much consistently in each nation. A few men resemble Henry, lost, nearly exhausted looking for something more that will offer significance to their life. Some resemble Wilson, prepared to battle for their nation, defeat with political pride. Once more, some resemble Jim, more seasoned, more shrewd, and perhaps following fatherly strides. Regardless of what the circumstance, regardless of what the period or century, regardless of who the trooper, you increase an encounter much the same as that of Henry. This book may not contain the acquiescence of Robert E. Lee, and might not have been written in the 1860’s, however it doesn’t take dates and legalities to depict the feeling and truth of the Civil War. Stephen Crane did only that and whether you are taking off to fight, I prescribe this book to show you what to look like inside to your own everlasting status and your own feelings of trepidation and qualities they’re all there, they simply should be realized.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â

Disputes between the ATO and the taxpayer - Free Essay Example

Background The background in this case is talking about the global financial crisis (GFC), the Australian economy is being downturn, and Australian Taxation Office has an increment of the tax debt, from $16.6 billion to $17.7 billion in during the 2011 to 2012 period. The Inspector-general of taxation (IGT), Mr Ali Noroozi who has an announced his the new work program to improving the tax administration community- based consultation process. The stakeholders feeling dissatisfaction on that tax administration, as the ATO collect the tax using the overdue recovery approach and disproportionate action and use of external debt collectors. These action is not legal, therefore commonwealth ombudsman have received 23% of all complaints to Mr Ali Noroozi. Therefore Senator the Hon Mathias Cormann mention to Standing Committee on Tax and Revenue, the Committee to inquire and report on the disputes of the ATO and taxpayer, also focus on the ATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tax collection, and the small business will be examined in these issues. According to the background, using the Director Penalty notices is a battery method to get the balance between the tax collection and legalisation to ATO and stockholders. Introduction Firstly is the introduction part, before discuss the disputes between the ATO and the taxpayer, the definition of Director Penalty Notices and the pay as you go (PAYG) is important to know, as they are core elements on this case. Director Penalty Notices According to the ATO the definition of Director Penalty Notices is that, the company directory that has the responsibility to meet and do the act ion to pay the pay as you go (PAYG), it is withholding and superannuation guarantee charge (SGC) obligations. (ATO2014). The meaning of Pay As You Go (PAYG) The simple idea is that, the PAYG is instalments of income tax payment, under the Income Assessment Act 1953 schedule 1 chapter 2 parts 2-1, which is an introduction of PAYG system. The PAYG is a system for businesses and individuals to pay instalments of their expected tax liability on their income from employment, business, or investment for the current income year (Study guide). The time of paying PAYG and the Calculations Under the Taxation Administration Act s45-50 the PAYG instalment quarterly commissioner first gives the taxpayer an instalment rate. (MTG) In addition, under Taxation Administration Act s45-60, if the income year ends on 30 June, the taxpayerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s instalment quarters and the day of due date of instalment will be deferred to approach to the taxpayer. I.e. 30 September to 28 October, 31 December to 28 February, 31 March to 28 April and 30 June to 28 July. Also the taxpayer not only can pay by quarterly, but also can choose other option paying the PAYG instalment at annually and monthly under the Tax Administration Act. Under s45-70 which claims that the annual PAYG instalment payer must pay before the 21st day of the fourth month following the end of the income year (MTG). Also at the same section this is allow the taxpayer paying the PAYG instalments for the monthly, it must be undertaken on or before the 21st day of the next month, unless specified by other mean s by the commissioner (MTG). The other part is that, the calculation of the PAYG instalment, under the Taxation Administration Act s45-110 the formula of the PAYG is applicable instalment rate multiply instalment incomer for the quarter. (MTG) Also, the instalment rate will be according by the Taxation Administration Act s45-15, the payment to PAYG will be depends on the Commissioner has by written notice to given to the taxpayer. The ATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Approach According to the background, the stakeholders are felling dissatisfaction to the ATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s action. When the taxpayer not or late to pay the tax, ATO will take action to the taxpayer when new work program for improving the tax administration is being implemented, such as the actions are disproportionate action, use of external debt collectors and the overdue action. Normally the taxation offices just need to sand the message such as letter to the taxpayer to pay tax. According to the s45-70 the pa yment time of PAYG, the taxpayer is initiative to pay the tax undertaken on or before the 21st day of the next month, fourth month or quarterly, so the ATO need not to do any additional action in the normal circumstance. When the taxpayer or businesses not pay the tax payment, the ATO should make the legal action to against the taxpayers. There have some factor of the director is not paying the tax, 1) default on tax payment repeatedly, 2) operating a new business due to avoid financial obligations by liquidating, 3) the debt is continuing increase but the business have to plan to pay the tax obligations 4) avoid contact with the ATO (Director Penalty Notices and Enforcement). Therefore the ATO can use the method of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Firmer action approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and Director Penalty Notices, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s allow the ATO meet the requirement of the administrative and legislative. -Firmer action approach The first approach is that, ATO will issue the à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‹Å"Firmer action approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the statement entitled. According to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Firmer action approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the following the ATO will do, 1) the ATO will issues a notice to third party which owns the taxpayer money or holds money behalf of the tax payer, ATO will request the third party to pay the tax payment to ATO. 2) Requested by the summons or statutory demand to begin the bankruptcy or wind-up proceedings 3) this the directorpenalties, pursuing company directors personally to pay the unpaid super guarantee charge and the PAYG withholding component of the debt, 4) issuing a writ/warrant of execution authorising to sale of the taxpayer or the company assets to recover the tax 5) pay a bond or provide security, but this action is not always executed. Director Penalty Notices The Director Penalty Notices is a powerful tool used by ATO as it can against the company who hold the debt of the Pay As You Go and the following sections are talking about when and why the ATO should issues of the notice. Under the Taxation Administration Act 1953 s269-25 (1), the Commissioner must give notice of penalty; the Commissioner must not commence proceedings to recover from the taxpayer a penalty payable under this Subdivision until the end of 21 days after the Commissioner gives you a written notice under this section. The s269-25 (2) set out what the Commissioner thinks is the unpaid amount of the companys liability under its obligation. Penalty under the Taxation Administration Act Also, the penalty under Taxation Administration Act s269-20, the legal action can guarantee the ATO will make right decision to the taxpayer or director who not paying tax. Under this sectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subsection will describe difference factor the taxpayer or director may breach of the Taxation Admonition Act. The ATO can avoid using the wrong way to collect the tax. Under Taxation Administration Act s269-20 claim that the penalty for director on or before due. And there also has the subsection (1)(a) and (1)(b), the s269-20(1)(a) is the director has to pay the obligation to the Commissioner at the end of the due day under section 269- 15. Also s269-20(1)(b) the directors of the company are still under an obligation, even the director is stop to appoint be a director before the end of the due day. And the s269-20(2) is the following section to s269-20(1), it claim that, the penalty is due and payable at the end of the due day. If there have a new director under s269 -20(3) the director still has to pay the obligation. S269-20(3)(a) after the due day, you became a director of the company and began to be under an obligation under section 269- 15 and (b) 30 days later, you are still under that obligation. The following section s269-20(4) is the penalty is due and payable at the end of that 30th day. For small business The PAYG instalments which having the flexible time for taxpayer or small business to pay the tax monthly, quarterly, annually, under Administration Act 1953 s45-70. Therefore, the taxpayer or small business can pay the PAYG instalments for a separated amount that they can afford and will not bring the huge financial problem about the operating of business, therefore the taxpayers who pay the tax on time and in correct amount the ATO will not do any legal action to the them. -Defence sections for the small business and taxpayer When the director of the company or the taxpayer violate of the ATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s provisio ns, the taxation office will issues the Director Penalty Notices to sue the director. Therefore the director has the right defence to ATO that can decrease of the disputes between the taxpayer and ATO. According to Administration Act 1953 s269-35 which is defences sections for the small business or taxpayer to defence when they are having legitimate reason to late or do not paying the tax to ATO. Under section 269-35(1), the director will not have liable to a penalty. If the director of the company, who has the obligations under subsection 269- 15(1), he can avoid to sue by ATO, because of illness or for some other good reason. Also according to the reasonable steps under the Administration Act 1953 s269-35(2), the director not liable to penalty, in this section, in this section it have two subsection s269-35(2)(a) and s269-35(2)(b), they are describe the factor when the director have reasonable step and do not have reasonable step respectively. Under s269-35(2)(a) the f actor of the director who having the reasonable step, i) the directors caused the company to comply with its obligation, ii) the directors caused an administrator of the company to be appointed under Corporations Act 2001 iii) the directors caused the company to begin to be wound up. The s269-35(2)(b) claim that, there were no reasonable steps you could have taken to ensure that any of those things happened. In conclusion, the Director Penalty Notices can help the Australian Taxation office to charge the taxpayer

Her Kind By Anne Sexton - 943 Words

The poem Her Kind by Anne Sexton is a story regarding the past. The narrator is explaining significant dark moments in her life. She briefly explains who she has been in her past life, which is structured into three stanzas. First, she depicts herself as a lonely witch, then a misunderstood cavewomen and lastly a victimized villager. However the most important characteristic of the speaker is that she is a woman and that is not something she is ashamed of, as she makes it clear in the last sentence of every stanza that she identifies herself as a woman. The tone of this poem is very calm and not at all angry. She is not upset about her life she is simply just telling the readers her story, which happens to be very disturbing and not at all normal. The tone is also quite haunting due to the author’s use of imagery to describe witchcraft. In the first stanza the author describes the narrator as a witch and how she is â€Å"dreaming of evil (3)† she starts to state true ch aracteristics of what this witch looks like â€Å"twelve-fingered, out of mind (5)†. In the second stanza the author continues to use a twisted fairytale image when she states that the woman â€Å"fixed suppers for the worms and the elves (11)†. Since elves do not exist in the world which humans adhere to know this gives the reader an extended image of witchcraft and fairytales. In the third stanza the narrator implies that she is dead when she states, â€Å"where your flames still bite my thigh (18)†. This leads the reader toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Her Kind By Anne Sexton749 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Her Kind†: The Experience of a Woman The poem â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton describes different scenarios of a woman. In the poem, Anne Sexton uses three different characters to explain that she has been each of them in some way. Society places a gender role on what women are allowed to be and how they should behave, condemning the women who do not conform, trying to change them into society’s perfect view of what a woman should be. While this poem shows the author describing herself in terms of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Her Kind By Anne Sexton979 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Sexton’s poem ‘Her Kind’ deals with the nature of a woman’s role in society and the alienation that that can bring. The 1950s perceived women as domestic and they were often expected to conform to the role of the housewife. Sexton constructs this idea of a woman with multiple personalities expected to conform to societal rules and norms yet is unable or unwilling to detain herself to these limitations. Through out, Sexton confesses her role as a woman breaking the mould from societal expectationsRead MoreAnne Sexton s Her Kind993 Words   |  4 PagesThe poetic composition, â€Å"Her Kind,† is Anne Sexton’s confessional, a devotion allowing female readers a keen awareness of the knowledge that they are not forsaken within a male dominated society. The conception, of the work of art, arrives years before its birth. Sexton’s psychiatrist, Orne, speaks to the poet, expressing that her poetry allows women to consider â€Å"there’s somebody else like [her and] they wouldn’t feel alone,† in other words, there are women who are her kind (Perez 25). AdditionallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Anne Sexton s Her Kind992 Words   |  4 Pageshowever, Anne Sexton uses poetry to express her emotions. After the birth of her second child Sexton suffered a mental break down. In â€Å"Her Kind† Sexton describes how she feels isolated from the world. She refers to he rself as a possessed witch whose warm caves lay in the woods. Sexton uses analogy to express her house as the warm cave in the woods. This type of metaphor expressed how sexton feels about herself compared to society. Throughout the poem see uses repetation of I have been her kind. MeaningRead More Anne Sexton: Poetry as Therapy Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Sexton: Poetry as Therapy Many great literary and artistic geniuses have been troubled with deep depression and mental illness. Anne Sexton is an example of a poet with such problems who used her personal despair to inspire her poetic works. Not all of Sextons work is based solely on her mental health; but a good portion of her work is influenced by her constant bouts with depression. As she struggled to deal with her own marital infidelity and the problems associated with being a femaleRead MoreCreativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton1173 Words   |  5 Pagessuicide is considered and often attempted. When the poem writing by Anne Sexton entitled Her Kind you can closely compare how Anne’s mental health affected her poetry and how her poetry affected her mental health. The American Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Anne Sexton took her own life in 1974 via carbon monoxide poisoning before reaching the age of fifty. Her life and work are especially interesting because her poetry was clearly tied to her own psychiatric treatment. She began writing with only moderateRead MoreThe Female as the Eternal Pariah in â€Å"Her Kind† Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pages everyone is different; between the popular kids, the jocks, the cheerleader, the dorks, the Goths, and all the other â€Å"types† of people. In â€Å"Her Kind,† Anne Sexton shows that she has been a lot of different women, and she is not them now. In this paper we will be diving into the meanings behind the displaced â€Å"I,† the tone and reparation, and who Anne Sexton really is and how that affects what she is trying to let people see through this poem. The double â€Å"I’s† are the most important aspect of thisRead MoreFeminist Witches and Poetry1525 Words   |  7 Pages Thursday the 9th of April 2009 Feminism is defined as the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. Eavan Boland and Anne sexton share more than just their love of poetry, they both incorporated female struggles and feminist ideas into their poetry. In a close reading of the poems Her Kind, by Anne Sexton and Anorexic, by Eavan Boland, the themes and the overall feel and struggles of the characters in both poems are very similar; they both use historical andRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pages Confessional poetry was not purely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three important poets who are typically associated with the confessional poetry movement are Anne Sexton, Allen Ginsberg, and Denise Levertov. An analysis of selected works from these poets yields a deeper insight into the individual poets and the broad differences among them. Poetry rarely flourishes in a vacuum. As such, the influences and historyRead MoreAnalysis Of My Father s Axe 802 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"My Father’s Axe†, â€Å"In the Park†, and â€Å"Her Kind† Identity Analysis Weland La The composer of My Father’s Axe, Tim Winton, explores the universal themes of male identity in the modern age, throughout his short story. He utilises many relatable scenarios throughout his short story which conveys the stereotypical male identity in today’s society. â€Å"Jamie says he doesn’t know where the axe is and I believe him; he won’t chop wood anymore. Elaine hasn’t seen it; it’s men’s

Why We Sleep- The Pending Mystery - 731 Words

In recent years, a lot of progress has been made into the field of sleep research. However, these discoveries are still far from being complete. Considering that an individual spends about one-third of their life sleeping, there is much more that still needs to be discovered concerning this topic. General Information Sleep is basically a state of physical inactivity and mental rest in which conscious awareness, thoughts, and voluntary movements do not occur. During sleep, irregular and unpredictable dreaming also takes place. Sleep is a very active and coordinated process in which the brain busily turns off or moderates wakeful functions while actively turning on sleep mechanisms. There are two stages that sleep is usually divided into. The first stage is the non-rapid eye movement, or NREM stage. The second stage is the rapid eye movement, or REM stage. NREM is the stage of sleep that occurs when one first starts their sleep cycle and it is said to make up 75% of the sleep cycle. One of the distinguishing features of NREM sleep is its lack of dreaming. During the last two stages of the four stage NREM sleep, the deepest and most restorative sleep occurs, followed by various important biological processes. Meanwhile, the REM stage of sleep first occurs approximately 90 minutes after falling slee p and increases over the later part of the night, while occupying only 25% of the sleep cycle. The REM sleep is the stage of sleep that is characterized mainly by the appearance ofShow MoreRelatedThomas Hardy Poems2405 Words   |  10 Pagesin, that a Powerfuller than I Had willed and meted me the tears I shed. But not so. How arrives it joy lies slain, And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? --Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan.... These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. | | | NEUTRAL TONES (1867) | |    | WE stood by a pond that winter day, And the sun was white, as though chidden of God, And a few leaves lay on the starving sodRead MoreI Was The Biggest Life Decision1974 Words   |  8 Pagesmom returned, we used to have dinner while watching tv and then used to sleep. This was our daily routine. Pretty boring right.:(( And since my dad left, we didn’t do anything special during the week-ends. This made it more fun! We used to always call him when our time permitted but that was never enough. From late November, however, our story began to change. As usual, my mom used to talk to him, but now, she would lock her door and talk for hours. This turned into a big mystery for me. I keptRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pageshate s profiting! 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Identify the elements of the strategies the company applied. Which strategies were most effective and why? Results The new Cafà © Series range did well, it achieved A$2.3 million sales in the first year. After streamlining the marketing strategy for the Cafà © Series range, sales reached A$9.9 million. At the end of April 2002, sales climbed to A$12.2 millionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEmployer–Employee Loyalty Is an Outdated Concept 87 Questions for Review 88 Experiential Exercise What Factors Are Most Important to Your Job Satisfaction? 89 Ethical Dilemma Bounty Hunters 89 Case Incident 1 Long Hours, Hundreds of E-Mails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? 90 Case Incident 2 Crafting a Better Job 91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of EmotionsRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She also collects Navajo rugs and heads to New Mexico whenever she can ï ¬ nd the time. CHRIS OLSEN has taught statistics at George Washington High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for over 25 years. Chris is a past member of the Advanced PlacementRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesoriginal decision was to use the dialect of Onitsha Town itself, but it became obvious that in many respects this was a highly specialized dialect, different from the generalized Onitsha which is widely understood and used. In the end, therefore, we ended up using a fairly general form, no doubt coloured by the individual dialects of the people who worked on the dictionary Initially, I checked a few pages of the dictionary manuscript with Mr W.C. Mbonu, of Umuoji, and a larger number with Mr ERead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWorksheet 661 APPENDIX I GLOSSARY 673 683 APPENDIX II REFERENCES NAME INDEX 705 709 713 SUBJECT INDEX COMBINED INDEX xvi CONTENTS P R E FA C E What’s New in This Edition? Based on suggestions from reviewers, instructors, and students we have made a number of changes in the eighth edition of Developing Management Skills. †¢ Added new skill assessments in Chapter 1 and a new case in Chapter 3. †¢ Revised parts of the book to reflect suggestions and feedback from instructors and students

Communication Skills Management and Staff Facilitates

Question: Discuss about theCommunication Skillsfor Management and Staff Facilitates. Answer: Introduction First and foremost, I was glad to work with my team members since they shown teamwork, cooperation, rapport, courtesy, and attentiveness to each other's ideas and opinions. In our group, we would showed how the management and staff facilitates their customers in visiting beaches, museums, zoos, aquariums, and hiking parks. The main reason behind this cooperation and teamwork was the fact that we shared religion, culture, and that all of us had attended communication skills class back in our university studies since the first year of education. Our group had a team leader whose communication skills were invaluable such that he could adjust accordingly within the context of the services which the city offed in the summer. Before making any decision, the team leader always consulted our ideas, thoughts, opinions, perceptions, and feelings. Interpersonal Communication Our teamwork was outstanding since we shared ideas, beliefs, opinions, and information in the most friendly and polite manner (Guffey Loewy, 2012). Our team showed commitment and cooperation in every activity that we did. This was a result of the ability to interact and pass a message from one person to another in a friendly manner. In a team of four participants, we would always use different forms of communication when passing a message from one member to another. The high level of cooperation as a group has enabled us to offer the management with valuable ideas and opinions for better decision making. These good decisions made resulted to the success of the summer events as initially planned. As a team, we used friendly voice tones, facial expressions, body language, and gestures while making deliberations on what should be done while visiting zoos and hiking parks. As a team, we allowed the visitors use horizontal communication approach while requesting for their distinguished services. Holding to the fact that different visitors came from various cultures, religion, norms, and habits; we served them with passion and commitment. By this doing, the largest market base for the city was realised and thus enabling the summer activities to excel and thrive as planned by the management. Group and Team Communication In a team of four members, we valued the importance of consulting each stakeholder amongst ouselves while carrying out the assigned targets. This is where I saw the importance of effective group and team communication while implementing the assigned task. Firstly, I was happy for my teammates since they all had the qualities of a team player, commitment, and cooperation. In our activities, everyone was dedicated to making sure that the so assigned responsibility was achieved. Every member possessed high-quality communication skills that through which peace, harmony, and unity was manifest. However, one of our members was not so patient when and reacted badly when some activities were done without his consultancy. However, the rest of the team would be keen and shownpassion and patience in our group activities. Working as a team enabled us to plan the summer events efficiently. There were strong bonds and relationships established within the team. Every member commandend good communication skills and persuasive power while suggesting his or her ideas . Our team leader was cohesive, creative, and innovative and this greatly assisted us. Individually, I understood the responsibilities of our group, and this hence meant me do the best I could to ensure that we achieved the most we could. Conflict and Negotiation Individually, am and advocate of peace. Being that all of us had attended a communication skills class in our education, we all had learned the importance of conflict resolution in teamwork. One thing I never loved was that my teammates thought that we would be perfect yet this was obviously impossible. The fact that we served visitors from different world zones, there was a problem in communication where a significant barrier existed while passing information. Some of them never understood English which was the most common language used in the event. All our team members had little knowledge of the world's numerous languages. This is the worst experience that we as a group had as the most difficult challenge. In future; I suggest that our group gets composed of five individuals whereby at least nearly every person would be able to understund a variety of languages for a better success of the teams goals. With this doing, the summer events would be a mile ahead regarding success. However, we fought this conflict through real negotiation with the clients and visitors something which saw us achieve our targets. Oral and Verbal Communication The use of excellent oral and communication skills was the ticket to success in providing the best summer services by our group. As a team, we used oral communication skills in transforming information among ourselves. In most of the times, we used oral communication while responding to inquiries to phone calls (Osland Turner, 2011). Our team created platforms and room for discussions in making the most critical decisions. In these forums, we shared ideas, opinions, and suggestions on steps that can be taken to strengthen the market base and competitive advantage. Also, the free expression of ideas and views amongst the group members created a feeling of recognition and total participatory in the planning of summer events. On the other hand, verbal communication created a sense of trust and feeling among the group. We ensured that the right message was passed to the right receiver and this greatly assisted in achieving our set goals in the city from one year to another. We apparently understood the weakness and strengths of each other. The team leader used SWOT analysis of each one of us in the allocation of duties. This helped in ensuring that the mood and the feelings of the visitors were confident and under total control (Robles, 2012). Conclusion Communication plays many significant roles for the success of every event. Team members must have a clear understanding of each other as well as have excellent communication skills. Where communication is useful, there is a success. The employment of good communication skills enables workers to create order and the unity of direction.. Therefore, being a member of a group needs one to be committed, adjustable, and friendly so that the set goals are achieved effectively and efficiently. References Amelung, B., Nicholls, S. (2014). Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia.Tourism Management,41, 228-244. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Mason, P. (2015).Tourism impacts, planning, and management. Routledge. Osland, J., Turner, M. (2011).The organizational behavior reader. Pearson. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Sobocinska, A. (2011). Innocence lost, and paradise regained Tourism to Bali and Australian perceptions of Asia.History Australia,8(2), 199-222. Ting?Toomey, S. (2015). Identity negotiation theory.The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication.

War and Violence predisposition in human beings

Introduction We can trace war and violence from the beginning of recorded history of human beings. Even before then, humans have always been violent and at war for various reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, many people still prefer war and violence as means of solving some issues or world affairs. Human beings have perpetuated war and violence due to their greed, pride, and hatred. People kill one another because of hatred or the need to acquire what others possess. Nations arm themselves and opt for wars because they need world respect or resources from other nations. Violent men have ascended to power through bloody wars and violence in order to satisfy their desires. Others have used religion to justify killings of others or themselves. It is obvious that men have used wars and violence to end wars. However, this has not been an effective solution because there are new realities of wars and potential war threats. This observation has led some scholars to conclude that wars and violence are unavoidable and basic realities of human cultures. We can understand wars and violence from various perspectives. In this essay, we look at war and violence from the point of view of Oroonoko by Behn. War and Violence: predisposition in human beings From Oroonoko, we can understand that the text presents anti-colonial ideas. It shows slavery in its worst form. In other words, the text associated slavery with greed, brutality, and dishonesty. Behn’s text expresses great dissatisfaction with the beheading of King Charles I and several attempts to assassinate Charles II. Behn attempted to show that violence and greed were predisposition in the Britons. The author also notes betrayal and dishonesty that come with violence. For instance, â€Å"the British captain wins trust of Oroonoko† (Behn 28) by befriending him. However, the captain betrays and lies to Oroonoko by selling him to Trefry. These acts of betrayal and lies are also present in other people of authority Oroonoko interacts with like Surinam. Behn also reflects Byam as a person who greed as consumed by writing, â€Å"he was one who loved to live at others’ expense† (Behn 70). Majorities agree that the main causes of wars are greed, economic issues, and inequality in society. This argument posits that we engage in wars and violence in order to progress their economic aims. Such engagements may aim at previously denied resources or attempts to gain access and control of resources.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this context, greed has been the main force behind wars and violence. For instance, the ability of people to gain access to resources that they can loot enhances conflict. This conflict emanates f rom greed because of the possible gains in terms of profits or other tangible or intangible gains. War, Violence, and Resources We need to understand that people engage in wars for various reasons. It is important to draw a distinction between wars for resources and amassing of resources for other purposes. We understand that warring factions may need an adequate supply of resources to keep them in the battlefield. However, problems emerge when people fight to accumulate resources for the sake it. This is because resource accumulation and support to warring factions differ. It is difficult to identify distinctions between conflict for resources and conflict to accumulate resources because courses of wars often change before completion of wars. Initial causes of wars may be genuine. However, as conflicts advance, greed may become a new defining factor in conflicts. This is usually evident from a change from a collective objective to privileged objective of the few. Therefore, wars an d violence when viewed under economic rationale depict various reasons for engaging in them. In this context, we have to understand how people use wars to pursue economic agendas. British developed their economies by using slaves from Africa. They had to capture and sale slaves for economic gains. Behn’s work promoted the need to eradicate slavery. The author depicts wars and violence of slavery as evil. This is because whites used cruel acts against slaves. For instance, the author notes: â€Å"when they thought they were sufficiently revenged on him, they untied him as he almost fainted due to the loss of blood, from a thousand wounds all over his body and led him bleeding and naked as he was, and loaded him all over with irons and then rubbed his wounds, to complete their cruelty, with Indian pepper† (Behn 67). Such acts only depicted violence against slaves, which British exploited to create fear among slaves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behn notes, â€Å"those who want slaves make a bargain with a master or a captain of a ship, and contract to pay him so much apiece, a matter of twenty pound a head, for as many as he agrees for, and to pay for ’em when they shall be delivered on such a plantation† (Behn 3). For the British, the option of economic success depended on exploiting African slaves. However, such economic gain came with considerable wars and violence at the expense of slaves. The British became profit-seeking people in their own ways as Behn noted, â€Å"those whom we make use of in our plantations of sugar are Negroes, black slaves altogether† (Behn 3). The British had to control territories and monopolize slave trade. They also derived huge profits due to constant demands. Slaves were the main economic drivers of wars and conflicts. Past wars and violenc e have shown that most wars emanated out of the need to accumulate resources. For instant, Charles Taylor managed to get millions of dollars from Liberia every year by focusing on the country’s main resources like diamond, iron ore, and timber among others. In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge also plundered the country’s resources like timber and gems with the help of his Thai associates. Wars and conflicts in Africa usually revolve around resources like diamonds and oils. These minerals are lucrative commodities of facilitating wars. Wars and conflicts manifested themselves in different ways against slaves. Violence in society manifests itself in a number of ways. These include murder, assault, rape, war, slander, betrayal, massacre, and execution among others. Behn’s book depicts the worst form of execution ever by stating â€Å"so inhuman were the justices who stood by to see the execution, who after paid dearly enough for their insolence. They cut Caesar in quarters, and sent them to several of the chief plantations† (Behn 63). The execution of Caesar shows how people can turn aggressive based on the prevailing circumstance. Human beings tend to learn aggression from others. There is a notion that the use of violence and aggressive tendencies guarantee the desired results regardless of suffering people endure during the course. This is the belief that people have used to be aggressive and promote violence for the sake of achieving resources or power they desire. The use of wars strengthened obedience among slaves while physical coercion ensured that slave masters had absolute control over slaves. However, usages of wars and violence only provide temporary solutions. This is because when violence ends, subjects also reduce their levels of obedience to authorities. This is why slave masters used constant vigilance to watch slaves. However, slaves had to revolt against their masters because of excessive violence and threats.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most people argue that their wars and violence have credible cause. This is not true because negative effects of wars are devastating in society. This means we cannot use either religion or any other way to justify acts of wars and violence. Slave masters turned to violence because they felt that they could not control slaves due to the decline of their power. The use of violence against subjects may reveal weaknesses among rulers. Countries may engage in wars and acts of violence to test their power and control over others. Protracted wars only enhance further usage violence. Wars and violence enhance superiority of people. For instance, Behn shows that Britons were superior over natives. On the other hand, she portrays native people as savages who also engaged in acts of atrocities and violence. Conclusion Wars and violence have consumed values of the world. People have adopted ways that fit their desired outcomes. This means that people resort to violence and wars that only creat e chaotic societies. People create wars and violence based on their greed, pride, and hatred. Different economic and political reasons have fueled wars. People have blamed inequalities in allocations of resources or a lack of taking part in decision-making processes as the main causes of conflicts. Serious arguments have concentrated on the real factors that result into conflicts. Others have concluded that wars and violence take place due to economic inequalities. This argument originates from the idea that many people want more resources than they have. However, such people resort to force because they cannot gain access to such resources with ease. In this sense, we can conclude that greed is responsible for wars and violence in society. However, we also have needy people who need to gain access to resources for potential benefits. Greed reflects the idea of craving for more resources than needed. Therefore, people who fight for noble problems are not acting in the interest of gr eed. However, if this war aims to support privileged class, then greed undermines the noble fight. Some scholars have concluded that wars and violence are reactions to a number of problems people face in society such as scarcity of resources, violations of individuals’ rights, inequalities in power and resources distribution among others. War factors usually take racial or ethnic aspects as Behn shows in the book. The British used wars and violence against slaves to advance their economic agendas. Some forms of wars and violence are irrational because they lack worthwhile motives since most of them may originate from earlier hatred or vengeance. When we understand economic issues, then we have crucial factors that can help us formulate effective interventions for wars and violence. This suggests that we have to comprehend war economies and the role of greed in perpetuating violence. Works Cited Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko; or, the Royal Slave. London: W.W Norton Company, 2010. Pri nt. This essay on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings was written and submitted by user Braeden Snyder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Insecurity

When life pulls you down into the darkest hole you’ve ever been in, insecurity seems to get the best of you. You start to do things that you never thought you would do before, and it is all just to make yourself feel better. You feel yourself wrapped up into a ball wondering what part you are supposed to play, why god brought you into this world, or why you even exist. You find your relationship with the person you love falling further into the hole with you, and you need someone to make you feel like you are important. Because the person you love more than anything has already become one with you, it’s even to the point where they can’t pull you out. That’s when you start to feel insecure, like you need something else, just as Yunior does with Magda. Because as you start to start to think about the beginning, it’s the end, and your life is revolving around the one decision you didn’t make for yourself, your insecurity made it for you. â€Å" I’m like everybody else: weak, full of mistakes, but basically good.† Yunior describes himself to be naturally a good person, who has made a costly mistake. In the selection, The Sun, the Moon, the Stars, by Junot Diaz, Yunior is a Dominican man that has cheated on his girlfriend Magda. Magda has an extremely hard time understanding why Yunior has made such a mistake, and although she appears to be trying, the relationship is drastically failing. Although I believe that cheating is wrong, I do not believe it makes you a bad person, and therefore, I believe in the statement Yunior made. Cheating is a form of insecurity. When two people are together for a long time, at some point in their relationship it is natural for them to feel insecure. They are expected to know how important they are to their lover, and expected to feel ok with the fact that their lover may be the only person that feels that way about them. It all depends on how strong you are as a person, or how you feel about... Free Essays on Insecurity Free Essays on Insecurity When life pulls you down into the darkest hole you’ve ever been in, insecurity seems to get the best of you. You start to do things that you never thought you would do before, and it is all just to make yourself feel better. You feel yourself wrapped up into a ball wondering what part you are supposed to play, why god brought you into this world, or why you even exist. You find your relationship with the person you love falling further into the hole with you, and you need someone to make you feel like you are important. Because the person you love more than anything has already become one with you, it’s even to the point where they can’t pull you out. That’s when you start to feel insecure, like you need something else, just as Yunior does with Magda. Because as you start to start to think about the beginning, it’s the end, and your life is revolving around the one decision you didn’t make for yourself, your insecurity made it for you. â€Å" I’m like everybody else: weak, full of mistakes, but basically good.† Yunior describes himself to be naturally a good person, who has made a costly mistake. In the selection, The Sun, the Moon, the Stars, by Junot Diaz, Yunior is a Dominican man that has cheated on his girlfriend Magda. Magda has an extremely hard time understanding why Yunior has made such a mistake, and although she appears to be trying, the relationship is drastically failing. Although I believe that cheating is wrong, I do not believe it makes you a bad person, and therefore, I believe in the statement Yunior made. Cheating is a form of insecurity. When two people are together for a long time, at some point in their relationship it is natural for them to feel insecure. They are expected to know how important they are to their lover, and expected to feel ok with the fact that their lover may be the only person that feels that way about them. It all depends on how strong you are as a person, or how you feel about...

Research Studies in Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research Studies in Managment - Essay Example The effects of chronological age - defined in social terms in relation to an individual’s chosen or forced behaviour on the grounds of age – has been an issue of political, economic and social relevance since the implementation of the First Action Programme on Ageing, and culminates provisionally with the European Employment Directive. Legislation outlawing age discrimination in employment and vocational training has thus come into force by this year 2006. UK government policy aims to encourage older people to remain active within the workforce. This is in part recognition of the rise in longevity and the importance of living a healthy active contributory later life, but it is also to compensate for the potentially large take-up of pension benefits in the future. Saving throughout the life course and working later in life is also seen as a means of ensuring a satisfactory level of income in old age. Direct discrimination (less favourable treatment): Such type of discrimination is allowed at some places like, a Roman Catholic school may be able to restrict applications for a scripture teacher to baptized Catholics. Harassment (in accordance with national law/practice), victimisation, dismissal or adverse treatment as a reaction to complaints/legal proceedings, and instructions to discriminate. But if someone is bullied or victimised in the mistaken belief that he is a member of another religion, then he may also be protected under race discrimination laws. Outside the European Union, legislation against age discrimination is in place for example in the United States (Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967), Canada (legislation in the 1960s), New Zealand (1993 Human Rights Act includes age discrimination), Australia (introduced in 1991-96), and South Africa In this study, examples of age discriminatory practices in

Discuss whether or not plea bargaining should be abolished Essay

Discuss whether or not plea bargaining should be abolished - Essay Example However, this fact can not be ignored that plea bargaining is an essential component of the justice system because it allows the trial convictions, to be more thoroughly considered when the judges are not under the pressure of too many cases. Plea bargaining reduces the number of cases that would otherwise go for trial conviction to less than half, thus improving the efficiency of the trial conviction cases. Without the facility of plea bargaining, the whole justice system is likely to collapse under the immense and unbearable work load. If the option of plea bargaining is eliminated, this would overcrowd the courts and the attention will have to be focused also on futile and pointless cases along with potentially strong and complicated cases that genuinely require trial convictions. Every day, thousands of cases of petty crimes are taken to the court, and if each and every case was given the highest consideration, the idea of a functional justice system would become unapproachable. Therefore, it is important to have a system in place that would cater for crimes of petty nature, and plea bargaining sufficiently serves this purpose. Plea bargaining allow the defendants to enter into reasonable agreements in a very short period in comparison to the lengthy trials that are conventionally conducted in cases of severe crime cases.

Five different sources of risk capital financing Research Paper

Five different sources of risk capital financing - Research Paper Example One of the most common sources of risk capital financing has been the angel investing. Most small companies that are starting have endeavored to in various online platforms with the aim of raising money. Ordinarily, an angel investor which involves equity finance uses their individual disposable finance to make their personal decision about making the investment. Normally shares are taken by the investor into the business in return for providing equity finance. This is with the aim of not only providing business with money to grow, but also bringing their experience and knowledge to help the company achieve success. This is the most significant source of investment in start up and early stage businesses in search of equity to grow the business and other investments. (Anonymous, 2010) Another source includes the venture capital. Normally venture capital aims at adding value in addition to the capital, towards the companies in which they invest. This reveals efforts of these investors to help the business grow and realize a greater return on the venture that has been undertaken. Ordinarily, venture capital is a type of equity financing that addresses the funding needs of entrepreneurs and companies that fails to seek capital from more traditional sources that includes public markets and banks. (SBA, 2012)This could be because of size, assets, and stage of development of the business. As discussed it can be noticed that angel investment differs significantly from venture capital finance that invests in businesses via managed funds that has been raised either through private or public money.Normaly,the venture entrepreneur director will invests the money on behalf of the fund. The capitalist should ensure that the investment is profitable and that it makes returns for the fund’s investors.Normaly,venture capital funds are more risk averse compared with angel investors’ and thus make fewer small investments in start

Teenagers and their Credit Cards Essay -- credit

Teenagers and their Credit Cards Availability of credit cards have left young people in debt. College-age students and low-income consumers, typically deemed bad risks, are easy targets for credit card companies. Credit card companies should not target college-age students and low-income consumers because of their lack of financial stability. In 1996, twenty-something consumers owed an average of $2,400 on their credit cards, nearly triple what they owed in 1990, according to research by Claritas Inc., a marketing research firm in Virginia. If, payments of $75 were made monthly to pay off a $2,400 debt, it would take 3-1/2 years with a 16 percent-rate card, and you'd pay $ 750 in interest. "There's no question that young adults are the most heavily burdened by credit card debt," said Stephen Brobeck, executive director of the Consumer Federation of America. Many will plunge into debt. Many teens waste little time taking on debt after leaving home. The number of 18 and 19 year olds with credit cards in their own name is climbing, according to Teenage Research Unlimited. Of American teen between 18 and 20 years old, 41 percent have their own cards, compared with 36 percent last year. Across all age groups, the statistics don't paint a pretty picture. Bankruptcy fillings in the United States have more than doubled in the last decade, from 530, 436 in 1986 to 1.2 million last years. Americans owe $ 484.6 billion in credit card debit, up from $ 437.9 billion in 1996, according to the Federal Reserve Board. That National Foundation for Consumer... ...bsp; Works Cited Evans, David, Richard Schmalensee. Paying with Plastic: The Digital Revolution in Buying and Borrowing. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute, 2000 Citibank. Citibank, Nader and the Facts. New York: First National City Bank, 1974. Kaminow, Ira, James O'Brien. Studies In Selective Credit Policies. Philadelphia: Federal Reserve Bank, 1975. Mandell, Lewis. The Credit Card History: A History. Boston: Twayne, 1990. Manning, Robert. Credit Card Nation: The Consequences of America's Addiction to Credit. New York: Basic Books, 2000. Polto's, Pearl, Bob Oskam. Easy Guide to Good Credit. New York: Berkley Books, 1990. Wood, Oliver, William Barskdale. How to Borrow Money. New York: Van Nostrand, 1981.

How does Priestly present Shelia Birling? Essay

In the play â€Å"An Inspector Calls† by J.B.Priestly, Shelia Birling is presented as being honest, perceptive and open to Socialist ideas. Her presentation changes as the play progresses and she changes from naà ¯ve innocence to a more mature and pro-socialist woman with a deep understanding of her capitalistic society’s flaws. At the start of the play, Shelia is portrayed as being naà ¯ve and oblivious to the struggles of the working class, but she shows remorse when her own guilt is exposed. The stage directions tell us that she is â€Å"very pleased with life† and is young, attractive and has just become engaged. However, she does not know about the struggles of the working class and soon expresses horror at her father’s treatment of Eva Smith. Although she has probably never before considered the impact of her decisions on the working class, she shows compassion immediately she hears of Eva Smith’s death. She first exclaims â€Å"How horrible!† and proceeds to tell her father â€Å"But these girls aren’t cheap labour – they’re people.† However, when the Inspector reveals Shelia’s role in causing the chain of events that lead to Eva Smith’s suicide, Shelia is horrified by her own part in Eva’s story and is moved to tears. She feels full of guilt for her jealous actions and blames herself as â€Å"really responsible.† Shelia acknowledges her blame and admits to her jealousy actions, marking her as more progressive and open-minded than the older generation consisting of her parents. Shelia is starting to change and becomes increasingly sympathetic and pro-socialist as the play progresses. As the Play continues, Sheila is presented as being increasingly perceptive and we can see this when after her interrogation, she changes and in a sense begins to adopt the Inspector’s character. When the Inspector starts questioning Gerald and Mrs Birling, Shelia not only insists on watching, but also helps the Inspector by filling in minor details and asking questions of her own. We can see this shortly before Gerald’s questioning, Shelia tells the Inspector â€Å"I don’t understand about you† then â€Å"she stares at him [The Inspector] wonderingly and dubiously† and when Mrs Birling enters â€Å"briskly and self-confidently, quite out of touch with the little scene†¦ Shelia feels this at once. † Shelia is also the first one to realise the Inspector’s semi- omniscience, saying that â€Å"No, he’s giving us the rope – so that we’ll hang ourselves.† Shelia insists that Mrs Birling must not â€Å"build a wall between us and the girl† as â€Å"the Inspector will just break it down,† The effect of these stage directions and dialogue, is to emphasise how Shelia is becoming increasingly perceptive and begins to see through her family’s translucency. We can tell that Shelia is becoming increasingly perceptive and can see how the entire family is involved in this scandal. – Sheila acknowledges the Inspector’s. Realises everyone is to blame, and by not accepting the blame they are digging their own graves. Superior to her family in the sense that the knowledge has hit her; she knows that her family have done wrong. You not only knew her but you knew her very well.† – Perceptive; Knows that everyone is to blame; becomes perceptive. already aware of her actions and how they are wrong. She is willing to change her views but there is a sense of holding back throughout the play, like how she feels the need to share the blame. This is her internal conflict between the views she has been brought up with and the views she knows are right. Priestley uses Sheila to show how the younger generation can change views & realise their mistakes. Shelia’s transformation from an immature girl to an emphatic and mature woman during the course of the play is used as evidence that the younger generation can stop and prevent tragedies such as Eva Smith’s death from happening. Priestly uses Shelia to show that people can change from their capitalistic and materialistic society. ways to a more Socialist and equal society. He does this by showing all the disadvantages of following the capitalist ways by using Sheila as an example and by this, it makes the audience realise the way they are living has a serious effect on the working class (the death of eva smith) and that they should change their ways (like Sheila did) and they will have more sense of morality in their conscience. She admits her guilt, saying that â€Å"It was my own fault† and â€Å"I’ll never, never do anything †

Critical Roles in Identifying Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1597 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? As outlined by Swamidass as well as Newell (1987), Strategy means actions or perhaps styles involving actions created for the particular accomplishment of targets. Put simply, within a good organizational environment, method to be a managing vocabulary should go much further as compared to mere objectives to behave or perhaps designed method; it (strategy) in addition considers individuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sequence involving decisionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that indicate proof of a new à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"posteriori consistenciesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the way that judgments usually are used, specially inside a business structure setting (Mintzberg, 1978). Mainly, the idea of method identifies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“organizational method that specifies precisely how a good enterprise or perhaps its business units accomplish and keep competitive edge within its industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Pun (2005: pg284). One of the fundamental matter of conversations which has always been central to analysts al ong with experts inside career fields of macro organizational actions of actors from the corporate and business group along with arranged supervision could be the study of the human relationships which exist among tactic along with composition within significant, complicated organizations. Even so, Burgelman (1983) feels that previous investigation conducted in this area possesses merely created disagreeing propositions based on the directionality of such relationships. Repeating more, they feel that each propositions: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategy employs structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ along with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"structure employs strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ look like logical according to which often human body involving empirical research is needed to be able to improve the particular discussion. However, this article of an approach is critical any time issues involving dependability upon, in addition to uniformity in the approach are generally involving utmost worry. The Pettigrew in addi tion to Whipp (1993) design offers called this article involving approach sinceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the assessment and choice of products and markets, setting objectives and targets with some evaluationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (cited via Hutchinson, 2001: pg271). Inside the context involving area regeneration, as outlined by Hutchinson (2001), the content involving strategy will be the range of themes or templates, top priority areas, or perhaps groupings rather than products or markets. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"area involving regenerationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ viewpoint, since Hutchinson (2001) has additionally suggested, enables you to examine what approach really claims since the section of regeneration is known to prioritize area of needs. Repeating further, hes on the view that strategy content may be the selection made to focus on key issues for instance enterprise support, environment improvement, in addition to the inside investment. The spot involving regeneration methods, neverthel ess, will be very cynical in the value of the strategies, plus the quest in addition to value statements especially, associated with a firm (Hutchinson, 2001: pg272). Quite a few aids that behave as the determinants regarding strategy content, that happen to be likewise known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trinity of forcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, are acknowledged. Like for example, strategy process, content, and also (internal and also external) context forces (Pettigrew and also Whipp, 1993; Hutchinson, 2001; and also Pun, 2005). In this record, stress is going to be on the vital analysis of the importance of the process and also context of strategy in determining the strategy content. In the section below, an assessment of the function of strategy process as being a determinant of strategic content are likely to be presented. An evaluation of the purpose of strategy context in terms of strategy content determination may succinctly comply with in a pursuing section. A section on conclusion o f the record is going to be presented later. Strategy Process as a Determinant of Strategy Content Strategic process, as a force, basically consists of the subsequent entities: implementation and/or strategy formation, change managers, pattern through time and models of change (Pettigrew Whipp, 1993; Hutchinson,2001; Pun,2005). The strategy process, being a significant force that ascertains strategy content, may ideally be termed as models. Those models are determined as: Rational Process Model- It facilitates finance allocation to project as well as strategic guidance usually directed to management. The Stakeholders Model- Here, effectiveness of organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategy will take place only when it complies with the need of its stakeholders groups. The Decision Process Model- Here, some major questions are answered by strategy development such as; where to go? How to get there? What actions should be taken? How to know that we are on right track? (Hu tchinson, 2001: pgs270-271) A rational process of strategy, with the change managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ factor, can often be led simply by major managing authorities and also consulting a broader array of specialists. A stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model, on the other hand, normally takes on that stakeholder easily contemplate much broader debate and as a consequence, identification of problems and their negotiation in achieving the mutual agreement between almost all stakeholders is on course (Pun, 2005). The decision model focuses on the problem of domiciliation of decision-making power. Nevertheless, Hutchinson (2001), states that the dynamic underlining the rational process model will be in a way that formulation of the strategy is a significant end result; it may actually end up being seen that the procedure for putting the many parts of a strategy together can often be as significant as the document itself. Strongly disagreeing, Healy states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strategy does n ot just lie in the text of same plans. It lives in the minds of actors in policy communitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Healy, 1997: pg4). Thus it is true that if an array of partners has participated within the strategy development process they are more dedicated to its successful implementation. In a distinct development, a premise to understanding a strategy can be provided through the pattern of time, which has to be in line with the amount of time it takes to implement the strategy. Among the key inferences drawn by Bramwell (1997) is that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an effective strategic response has only evolved after the event, but that nevertheless it is effective. The extent of that success will however only be observable over a long-term perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Bramwell (1997: pg173). Strategy Context as a Determinant of Strategy Content Strategy context as another significant force when determining strategy content, in the models mentioned above, can be divided into two primary elem ents: Internal and External environmental strategy context elements. The idea within the internal strategy context, the ways at which an organization configures itself in order to achieve its strategic goals will often be included in the strategy development, has been reinforced in the business literature (Hutchinson, 2001;Richter and Schmidt, 2005;and Pun, 2005). Particular facets of the internal strategy context elements are determined as the management team characteristics, administration framework and power distribution (Richter and Schmidt, 2005). The external environmental strategy context elements plays a significant function as essential informative variable inside the confinement of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s external environment, whereby strategy content is described as function of external factors, that happen to be taken into account in structuring of the entire strategy content of the organization (Hutchinson, 2001 and Muralidharan, 2004). In the external struc ture, components determined with the strategy context include munificence, intricacy and uncertainty (Richter and Schmidt, 2005). The comparative significance of decision-specific vis-ÃÆ'  -vis associated organizational variables, which in turn shape the decision-making process of a business pertaining to antecedents of consistency between individual decisions upon resource allocations, and also the idea of corporate strategy have been researched by Richter and Schmidt (2005). A model was used to obtain ideas on the affect regarding organizational and decision specific components about reliability. Statistical assessments were then executed on the hypotheses using data from 493 resource allocation decision sources. As a result of analysis conducted, it was discovered that the decision specific individual resource allocation factors are much more significant due to their reliability with the relevant corporate strategy concept as compared to organizational factors. It is therefore , in the guise, imperative to hypothesize the ways in which an individual organization builds its very own business strategies as well as the strategies of regions in which it functions, can potentially be molded by the drive to be more business-oriented in addition to strengthen business economic variables: economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The eminent result in this respect is apparent in the imperative part strategy context plays from an internal purvey. CONCLUSION Within the foregoing, the problem strategy process and strategy context depending on critical roles they play in the identifying strategy content within the entirety has been the centre of debate in this report. Specifically, a crucial review of the various roles the strategy process and the context factors play in determining the strategy content of an organization has been produced. To begin with, a background overview of organizational strategy within the entirety was considered. This specific presented i ncrease into a cognizant consideration in the roles strategy content and strategy context will play to define the various components of strategy content in addition to the eventual growth into proper organizational structure. Thus the conclusion being that the strategy process contributes profoundly to strategy content by drawing about the major component aspects, which include models of change, pattern through time, change managers and strategy formulation and/or implementation. However, it was furthermore concluded that an organization aiming to be additional business-oriented though enhancing the enterprise financial parameters including economy, efficiency and effectiveness would certainly always function frantically to be able to shape up those strategies within its immediate operations; and this can certainly finest be performed by concentrating on the problems underlining strategy context. References: Hickson, David J., Richard J. Butler, David Cray, Geoffrey R. Mallory , and David C. Wilson (1986), Top decisions: Strategic decision-making in organizations, Basil Blackwell: Oxford. Fredrickson, James W. (1986), The strategic decision process and organizational structure, Academy of Management Review 11 (2), 280-297. Pfeffer, Jeffrey (1992), Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations, Harvard Business School Press: Boston. Hitt, Michael and Beverly B. Tyler (1991), Strategic decision models: Integrating different perspectives, Strategic Management Journal 12, 327-352. Mintzberg, Henry and Frances Westley (1992), Cycles of organizational change, Strategic Management Journal 13, 39-59 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critical Roles in Identifying Strategy" essay for you Create order